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Research

Impact on Hospital Functions Following the 2010 Chilean Earthquake

Thomas D. Kirsch, MD, MPH, Judith Mitrani-Reiser, MS, PhD, Richard Bissell, PhD, MS, MA, Lauren M. Sauer, MS, Michael Mahoney, William T. Holmes, MS, Nicolás Santa Cruz and Francisco de la Maza, MA

Author Affiliations: Dr Kirsch is with the School of Public Health, Dr Mitrani-Reiser is with the Whiting School of Engineering, and Ms Sauer is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Dr Bissell is with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Emergency Health Services; Mr Mahoney is with the Federal Emergency Management Agency; Mr Holmes is with Rutherford & Chekene, Consulting Engineers; Mr Santa Cruz is with the Department of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Chile, and Mr de la Maza is with the Ministerio de Salud, Departamento de Planificación de Inversión.

Objective:  The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the 2010 Chilean earthquake on hospital functions and services. Hospitals functioning in a post-disaster environment must provide emergency medical care related to the event, in addition to providing standard community health services. This study focused on damage to both structural and nonstructural components, as well as to utility services.

Methods:  Site visits were made to every hospital in a single province (Bio-Bio). Engineers conducted damage assessments while interviews of hospital administrators were conducted. The survey was requested by the Chilean Ministry of Health (MOH) to assess the impact of the earthquake on hospital operations and facility responses to those effects. Other important regional and hospital data were gathered from hospital administrators and the MOH.

Results:  Seven government hospitals were surveyed. All hospitals in the region lost communications, municipal electrical power and water for several days. All reported some physical damage although only one suffered significant structural damage. All lost some functional capacity as a result of the earthquake. The loss of telephones and cellular service was identified as the most difficult problem by administrators. An average of 3 physical areas per hospital lost some degree of functional capacity following the earthquake.

Conclusion:  Even in an earthquake-prone and very well-prepared country such as Chile hospital functions were widely disrupted by the event. The loss of hospital functions can occur even with minimal damage to the physical structure. The loss of communications can impede or halt response efforts at all levels. Hospitals should be prepared to self-sustain following a disaster for 2-3 days regardless of the level of structural damage. Understanding the details of these impacts is essential to hospital preparedness and plans for continuing services after a disaster.

Key Words: Chile • disasters • hospitals • functional capacity • earthquakes • emergency services, hospital • communication • facility design and construction • public health • disaster preparedness




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J. J. James
From the Editor-in-Chief
Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness, December 1, 2010; 4(4): 268 - 269.
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